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De Dicto / De Re

A distinction in modality. De dicto (of the word) assigns necessity to a statement (e.g., "Necessarily, the winner won"). De re (of the thing) assigns necessity to an object's property (e.g., "The win...

Metaphysical Necessity

A form of necessity deeper than logical necessity, referring to what cannot be otherwise given the nature of the entity itself.

Modality

The metaphysical modes of possibility, necessity, and contingency.

Ontological Argument

An a priori argument for God's existence based solely on the concept of God, such as Anselm's proof.