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Cogito, Ergo Sum
Descartes' foundational principle. Even if one doubts everything, the act of doubting (thinking) proves the existence of a thinking subject.
Foundationalism
In epistemology, the theory that knowledge is built upon a set of foundational, basic beliefs that are self-justifying (e.g., "I exist" or sensory experiences), which then support other non-basic beli...
Innatism (Innate Ideas)
The doctrine that the mind is born with ideas or knowledge, and is not a "blank slate" (tabula rasa) at birth. Rationalists like Descartes argued for innate ideas of God, infinity, and perfection.
Method of Doubt (Cartesian Doubt)
A systematic process of being skeptical about the truth of one's beliefs. Descartes doubted everything that could possibly be doubted (senses, reality, math) until he found something indubitable: Cogi...
Rationalism
The epistemological and metaphysical view that reason itself is a source of knowledge independent of sensory experience. It asserts that reality has a logical structure accessible to the intellect (e....