ศัพท์ที่พบในแหล่งข้อมูลนี้
Upeksha
(Sanskrit/Pali) Equanimity or detachment. In Buddhist and Yoga philosophy, it is the state of mind that remains calm and balanced in the face of pleasure or pain, success or failure.
Utopia
(Greek: "No place") An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. In political philosophy, it refers to an ideal society characterized by harmony, justice, and the absence of so...
Vaisheshika
(Sanskrit) One of the six orthodox (astika) schools of Indian philosophy, founded by Kanada. It is known for its pluralistic realism and atomistic cosmology, categorizing everything in the universe in...
Validity
In logic, the property of a deductive argument such that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. Validity refers to the formal correctness of the reasoning process, regardless of w...
Value
The worth, merit, or importance of something. Axiology is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of values, including ethical (the good), aesthetic (the beautiful), and religious values.
Varna
(Sanskrit) Literally "color" or "class." The traditional fourfold division of Hindu society based on occupation and temperament: Brahmins (priests/scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors/rulers), Vaishyas (me...
Vedanta
(Sanskrit) "End of the Vedas." One of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy based on the teachings of the Upanishads. It explores the relationship between Brahman (Ultimate Reality), Atman (th...
Vedas
(Sanskrit) The oldest and most sacred scriptures of Hinduism, consisting of the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. They are believed to be "apaurusheya" (not of human origin) and conta...
Vidya
(Sanskrit) Knowledge or science. In Indian philosophy, it refers to true knowledge of reality or the Self which leads to liberation (Moksha), as opposed to Avidya (ignorance).
Virtue
Moral excellence, righteousness, or a good quality of character. In Aristotelian ethics, virtue is a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a "mean" between two extremes of excess and defi...
Vitalism
The philosophical doctrine that living organisms possess a non-physical "vital force" or "life principle" (elan vital) that distinguishes them from non-living matter and cannot be explained by purely...
Viveka
(Sanskrit) Discrimination, discernment, or the power of right judgment. In Indian philosophy, it is the essential faculty of distinguishing between the eternal and the transitory, the real and the unr...
Void
An empty space; emptiness or nothingness. In metaphysics, the concept of a vacuum. In Buddhist philosophy, it refers to Shunyata, the doctrine that all things are empty of intrinsic, independent exist...
Vritti
(Sanskrit) Modification, wave, or fluctuation. In Yoga philosophy, it refers to the various states or activities of the mind-stuff (Chitta) that must be restrained or stilled to achieve the state of Y...
Wakefulness
(Psychology/Philosophy) The state of being conscious and alert, as opposed to dreaming or deep sleep. In Indian philosophy, it refers to the Jagrat state, where the soul is conscious of the external w...
Wealth
In ethics and social philosophy, the abundance of valuable possessions or money. Philosophers like Aristotle and those in the Indian tradition (under the concept of Artha) discuss wealth in terms of i...
Whiteheadism
The philosophical system of Alfred North Whitehead, also known as "Process Philosophy." It emphasizes that the fundamental reality of the universe consists of events and processes rather than static s...
Whole
An entity that is a complete unity, consisting of parts that are organized and interrelated. In Holism, it is argued that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts and possesses properties that t...
Will
The faculty of the mind that selects, at the moment of decision, a desire among the various desires present. It is the power of conscious choice or self-determination. Debates in philosophy concern wh...
Wittgensteinianism
The philosophical approach influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein. In his early work, it focused on the relationship between language and reality (the picture theory of meaning). In his later work, it shif...